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Scaling demand for cloud-based data and service offerings—shaped by machine learning, cryptocurrency, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices—are growing in number and size, globally. The transition from on-site server rooms to million-square-foot, third-party facilities, better known as hyperscale data centers, presents widespread implications for water demand, water management solutions, and local authorities.

As larger, hyperscale data centers are built to keep pace with demand, their water demands are stretching the limits of local power and water infrastructure. A single data center can use millions of gallons per day, primarily for cooling. Hyperscale data centers, currently estimated at 728 facilities are expected to reach over 1,000 by the end of 2024. The proliferation of hyperscale data center facilities presents an opportunity for water management solution providers, particularly as their deployment expands into new and water-stressed geographies.

Bluefield’s forecast methodology considers a variety of key market and macroeconomic variables, including data center trends, inflationary pressures, facility-level usage, and policy incentives.

This report lays out Bluefield’s 2023–2030 forecast for capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenditures (OPEX). The forecast focuses on water usage, geographic differences, and key opportunities.